Optical Absorption in an Array of Quantum Wires: Effects of Structural Parameters and External Fields

Document Type : Articles

Authors

• Mohammad Javad Karimi
• Vahid Ashrafi-Dalkhani
• Sajad Ghajarpour-Nobandegani
• Mahnaz Mojab-abpardeh

Department of Physics, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran

10.30495/jopn.2024.33250.1315

Abstract

Abstract:
In this present paper, the linear optical absorption coefficient in an array of quantum wires under the external electric and magnetic fields is studied. The effects of the external fields and structural parameters such as wires' radius, the number of wires, the distance between wires, and the Al composition on the optical absorption are investigated. Results indicate that the resonant peak of the absorption coefficient shifts toward the lower photon energies with increasing structural parameters. Also, results reveal that the absorption frequency is in the terahertz range and shifts to the higher (lower) energies by increasing the electric (magnetic) field.  The resonant peak value of the linear optical absorption decreases by increasing the wires' radius, the distance between wires, and the Al composition. However, it changes non-monotonically with the number of wires.  Also, the optical absorption reduces with the increase of the electric field and changes non-monotonically with the magnetic field.

Keywords

• Linear optical absorption
• Quantum-wire array
• Electric field
• Magnetic field

---

References

1. Balkanski, Devices Based on Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures, Springer, Netherlands, 2011. Available: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-009-0289-3
2. Barnham, D. Vvedensky, Low dimensional semiconductor structures: Fundamentals and device applications, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Available: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lowdimensional-semiconductor-structures/68178E0CCC55CDB88473DA460D629D01
3.   Cao, Y. Wang, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, London: World Scientific 2004. Available: https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/7885#t=aboutBook
4. C. Yi, Semiconductor Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Devices; Processing, Characterization and Applications, Berlin: Springer, 2012. Available: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-22480-5
5. B. Yu, S.N. Zhu, K.X. Guo, Electron-phonon interaction effect on optical absorption in cylindrical quantum wires, Solid State Commun. 139(2) (2006) 76-79. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003810980600319X
6. Betancourt-Riera, J.N. Jalil, R. Riera, R. Betancourt-Riera, R. Rosas, Electron Raman scattering in semiconductor quantum wire in an external magnetic field, J. Phys: Condensed Matter. 20(4) (2008) 045203. Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Electron-Raman-scattering-in-semiconductor-quantum-Betancourt-Riera-Jalil/6ea285de0ded2a0b3b1df6ae5befc998d5e6b619
7. M. Krishna, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. Chatterjee, Polaronic effects in asymmetric quantum wire: An all-coupling variational approach, Solid State Commun. 138(6) (2006) 285-289. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038109806002237.
8. Servatkhah, P. Hashemi, R. Pourmand. Binding energy in tuned quantum dots under an external magnetic field. JOPN, 7(4) (2022) 49-65. Available: https://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_5677.html.
9. Kumar, S. Lahon, P.K. Jha, M. Mohan, Energy dispersion and electron g-factor of quantum wire in external electric and magnetic fields with Rashba spin orbit interaction, Superlatt. Microstruct. 57 (2013) 11-18. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749603613000207.
10. Rahimi, T. Ghaffary, Y. Naimi, H. Khajehazad, Study the energy states and absorption coefficients of quantum dots and quantum anti-dots with hydrogenic impurity under the applied magnetic field. JOPN, 7(1) (2022) 1-18.Available: https://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_5091_2c1e251baf8c1e39d880c41f089f0ba5.pdf
11. Karaaslan, B. Gisi, S. Sakiroglu, E. Kasapoglu, H. Sari, I. Sokmen, Rashba spin-orbit coupling effects on the optical properties of double quantum wire under magnetic field, Superlatt. Microstruct. 93 (2016) 32-39. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749603616300866
12. Studer, G. Salis, K. Ensslin, D.C. Driscoll, A.C. Gossard, Gate-controlled spin-orbit interaction in a parabolic GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 027201. Available: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.027201
13. V. Zaitsev-Zotov, Y.A. Kumzerov, Y.A. Firsov, P. Monceau, Luttinger-liquid-like transport in long InSb nanowires, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12(20) (2000) L303. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/12/20/101
14. C. Phong, H. V. Phuc, Nonlinear absorption line-widths in rectangular quantum wires, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 25(12-13) (2011) 1003-1011. Available: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0217984911026723
15. Debald, B. Kramer, Rashba effect and magnetic field in semiconductor quantum wires, Phys. Rev. B 71(11) (2005) 115322. Available: https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.115322
16. Frolov, S. Plissard, S. Nadj-Perge, L. Kouwenhoven, E. Bakkers, Quantum computing based on semiconductor nanowires. MRS Bulletin, 38(10)(2013) 809-815. Available:  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mrs-bulletin/article/abs/quantum-computing-based-on-semiconductor- nanowires/028CDAA26012CE0F93BA1BB569559DD3
17. Henini, Henini, Handbook of self assembled semiconductor nanostructures for novel devices in photonics and electronics, Amsterdam: Elsevier 2008. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780080463254/handbook-of-self-assembled-semiconductor-nanostructures-for-novel-devices-in-photonics-and-electronics
18. M. Hashimzade, T.G. Ismailov, B.H. Mehdiyev, Influence of external transverse electric and magnetic fields on the absorption of a parabolic quantum wire, Physica E 7(1-2) (2005) 140-150. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386947704005557
19. G. Barseghyan, A.K. Manaselyan, A.A. Kirakosyan, Intersubband absorption in quantum wire with a convex bottom in a magnetic field, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter 18 (33) (2006) S2161. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/18/33/S31/pdf
20. Jiang and J. Sun, External electric field effect on the hydrogenic donor impurity in zinc-blende GaN/AlGaN cylindrical quantum well wire, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 24(23) (2010) 2413-2421. Available:  https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217984910024808?journalCode=mplb
21. Liu and Y. Yu, The electronic states and the optical absorption for an asymmetrical quantum well applied with an external electric field, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 33 (26) (2019) 1950301 (9 pages). Available: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217979219503016?journalCode=ijmpb
22. Ghadimi, M. Ahmadzadeh. Effect of variation of specifications of quantum well and contact length on performance of InP-based Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL), JOPN, 5(1) (2020) 19-34. Available: https://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_4031.html
23. Rezaei, M.J. Karimi, H. Pakarzadeh, Magnetic field effects on the electron Raman scattering in coaxial cylindrical quantum well wires, J. Lumin. 143 (2013), 551-557. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022231313003207
24. Sugaya, K.Y. Jang, C.K. Hahn, M. Ogura, K. Komori, A. Shinoda, K. Yonei, Enhanced peak-to-valley current ratio in InGaAs/InAlAs trench-type quantum-wire negative differential resistance field-effect transistors, J. Appl. Phys. 97(3) (2005) 034507. Available: https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-abstract/97/3/034507/471026/Enhanced-peak-to-valley-current-ratio-in-InGaAs?redirectedFrom=fulltext
25. Amirhoseiny, G. Alahyarizadeh. Enhancement of deep violet InGaN double quantum wells laser diodes performance characteristics using superlattice last quantum barrier, JOPN, 6(2) (2021) 107-120. Available: https://jopn.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_4776.html
26. Fu, G. Zhou, Spin current induced electric field in a Rashba quantum wire, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 24(07) (2010) 649-656. Available: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217984910022718
27. Bahramiyan, R. Khordad and H. Azari, Electron-phonon interaction influence on optical properties of parallelogram quantum wires, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 28 (22) (2014) 1450142 (12 pages). Available: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217979214501422?journalCode=ijmpb
28. Sadeghi, Linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in an asymmetric graded ridge quantum wire, Superlatt. Microstruct. 49(1) (2011) 91-98. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749603610002314
29. Arunachalam, A.J. Peter, C.K.Yoo, Exciton optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a strained InAs/GaAs quantum wire: The effect of the magnetic field, J. Lumin. 132(6)(2012) 1311-1317. Available:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022231312000051
30. V. Phuc, T.C.Phong, Calculation of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of a strong electromagnetic wave by confined electrons in quantum wires, Comput. Mater. Sci. 49(4) (2010) S260-S262. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0927025610001126
31. González-Santander, F. Domínguez-Adame, Exciton states and optical absorption in quantum wires under laser radiation, Phys. Lett. A 374(22) (2010) 2259-2261. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0375960110003269
32. R. Sakr, Direction dependence of the magneto-optical absorption in nanowires with Rashba interaction, Phys. Lett. A 380(39) (2016) 3206-3211. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0375960116304406
33. Khordad, H. Bahramiyan, Effects of electron-phonon interaction and impurity on optical properties of hexagonal-shaped quantum wires, Pramana 88(3) (2017) 50. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12043-016-1348-x
34. J. Karimi, M. Hosseini, Electric and magnetic field effects on the optical absorption of elliptical quantum wire, Superlatt. Microstruct. 111 (2017) 96-102. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749603617311436#:~:text=The%20exciton%20effect%20in%20MQWs,under%20a%20strong%20electric%20field.
35. Harrison, A. Valavanis, Quantum wells, wires and dots: theoretical and computational physics of semiconductor nanostructures,   Chichester: (John Wiley and Sons, 2016. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0470010827
36. Ashrafi-Dalkhani, S. Ghajarpour-Nobandegani, M.J. Karimi, Effects of spin-orbit interactions, external fields and eccentricity on the optical absorption of an elliptical quantum ring, Eur. Phys. J. B 92(1) (2019) 1-6. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjb/e2018-90691-5#:~:text=Results%20indicate%20that%20the%20spin,higher%20energies%20with%20increasing%20eccentricity.
37. C. Niculescu, C. Stan, D. Bejan, C. Cartoaje, Impurity and eccentricity effects on the nonlinear optical rectification in a quantum ring under lateral electric fields, J. Appl. Phys. 122(14) (2017) 144301. Available: https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article-abstract/122/14/144301/144905/Impurity-and-eccentricity-effects-on-the-nonlinear
38. Ghajarpour-Nobandegani, M.J. Karimi, Effects of hydrogenic impurity and external fields on the optical absorption in a ring-shaped elliptical quantum dot, Opt. Mater. 82 (2018) 75-80. Available:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925346718303173
39. Ghajarpour-Nobandegani, V. Ashrafi-Dalkhaniy, M. J. Karimi, Effects of external fields on the optical absorption of quantum multirings, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 34 (17) (2020) 2050153 (9 pages). Available: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217979220501532.