Investigating the Effect of Hierarchical Carbon Micro/Nano Spheres on the Surface Wettability: Experimental and Theoretical Study

Document Type : Articles

Authors

1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I. R. of Iran

2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O.Box: 11155-9161, Tehran, IR of Iran

Abstract

Carbon spheres with controllable structures (i.e., nano and microstructure)
were prepared by using a hydrothermal method. By adjusting the concentration of
glucose solution at a both constant temperature and constant process time in a sealed
autoclave, the total size of carbon spheres (CSs) was changed from nano to microscale.
Then micronanobinary carbon spheres structure (MNCS) was successfully obtained by
coating colloidal solution of carbon nanospheres (CNSs, average diameter of 186 nm)
and microspheres (CMSs, average diameter of 5 μm) on the FTO substrates. It was
realized that by annealing of the carbon spheres under vacuum condition, their
functional groups were reduced, therefore, this effected on the wetting behavior of
carbon spheres. The effect of hierarchical roughness as a beneficial factor on the
superhydrophobicity of CSs was analyzed by the investigation of the contact angle
(CA). The highest CA was measured for the mixture structures containing both the
micro and nanoscale spheres. Based on the new research, CA of the surface with
micronanobinary structure is larger than the nanostructure and the nanostructure is
larger than the microstructure and above all, theoretical calculations confirmed the
experimental measurements.

Keywords

References

[1] Jeevahan, Jeya, M. Chandrasekaran, G. Britto Joseph, R. B. Durairaj, and G. J. J. O. C. T. Mageshwaran. Superhydrophobic surfaces: a review on fundamentals, applications, and challenges. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research. [Online]. 15(2) (2018, Mar.) 231-250. Available:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11998-017-0011-x
[2] Wang, Dehui, Qiangqiang Sun, Matti J. Hokkanen, Chenglin Zhang, Fan-Yen Lin, Qiang Liu, Shun-Peng Zhu et al. Design of robust superhydrophobic surfaces. Nature. [Online]. 582(7810) (2020, Jun.) 55-59. Available:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2331-8
[3] Rodi., Peter, Barbara Kapun, Matja. Panjan, and Ingrid Milo.ev. Easy and fast fabrication of self-cleaning and anti-icing perfluoroalkyl silane film on aluminium. Coatings. [Online]. 10(3) (2020, Mar.) 234. Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/10/3/234
[4] Latthe, Sanjay S., Rajaram S. Sutar, Vishnu S. Kodag, A. K. Bhosale, A. Madhan Kumar, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Ruimin Xing, and Shanhu Liu. Self.cleaning superhydrophobic coatings: Potential industrial applications. Progress in Organic Coatings. [Online]. 128 (2019, Mar.) 52-58. Available:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944018307847
[5] Park, Hoo Keun, Seong Woong Yoon, and Young Rag Do. Superhydrophobicity of 2D SiO2 hierarchical micro/nanorod structures fabricated using a two-step micro/nanosphere lithography. Journal of Materials Chemistry. [Online]. 22(28) (2012, May.) 14035-14041. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM31978K
[6] Zhang, Yabin, Yu Chen, Lei Shi, Jing Li, and Zhiguang Guo. Recent progress of double-structural and functional materials with special wettability. Journal of Materials Chemistry. [Online]. 22(3) (2011, Nov.) 799-815. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM14327A
[7] Jiang, Rujian, Lingwan Hao, Lingjie Song, Limei Tian, Yong Fan, Jie Zhao, Chaozong Liu, Weihua Ming, and Luquan Ren. Lotus-leaf-inspired non-
Investigating the Effect of Hierarchical Carbon Micro/Nano Spheres on the Surface پc * 45
fouling, mechanical bactericidal surfaces. Chemical Engineering Journal. [Online]. 398(in progress) (2020, May.) 125609. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125609
[8] Feng, Lin, Shuhong Li, Yingshun Li, Huanjun Li, Lingjuan Zhang, Jin Zhai, Yanlin Song, Biqian Liu, Lei Jiang, and Daoben Zhu. Superپ]hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial. Advanced materials. [Online]. 14(24) (2002, Dec.) 1857-1860. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200290020
[9] Li, Ying, Li Gou, Huiqi Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Jinfang Zhang, Ning Li, Shengliang Hu, and Jinlong Yang. Fluorine-free superhydrophobic carbon-based coatings on the concrete. Materials Letters. [Online]. 244 (2019, Jun.) 31-34. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.01.149
[10] Jheng, Yu-Sheng, and Yeeu-Chang Lee. Fabrication of micro/nano hierarchical structures with analysis on the surface mechanics. Applied Surface Science. [Online]. 384 (2016, Oct.) 393-399. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.048
[11] Xiu, Yonghao, Lingbo Zhu, Dennis W. Hess, and C. P. Wong. Biomimetic creation of hierarchical surface structures by combining colloidal self-assembly and Au sputter deposition. Langmuir. [Online]. 22(23) (2006, Nov.) 9676-9681. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1021/la061698i
[12] Cortese, Barbara, Stefania D'Amone, Michele Manca, Ilenia Viola, Roberto Cingolani, and Giuseppe Gigli. Superhydrophobicity due to the hierarchical scale roughness of PDMS surfaces. Langmuir. [Online]. 24(6) (2008, Mar.) 2712-2718. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1021/la702764x
[13] Xu, Wenguo, Hongqin Liu, Shixiang Lu, Jinming Xi, and Yanbin Wang. Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with hierarchical structure through a solution-immersion process on copper and galvanized iron substrates. Langmuir. [Online]. 24(19) (2008, Oct.) 10895-10900. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1021/la800613d
[14] Bhushan, Bharat, Kerstin Koch, and Yong Chae Jung. Fabrication and characterization of the hierarchical structure for superhydrophobicity and
46 * Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures Autumn 2020 / Vol. 5, No. 4
self-cleaning. Ultramicroscopy. [Online]. 109(8) (2009, Jul.) 1029-1034. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.03.030
[15] Hang, Tao, Anmin Hu, Huiqin Ling, Ming Li, and Dali Mao. Super-hydrophobic nickel films with micro-nano hierarchical structure prepared by electrodeposition. Applied Surface Science. [Online]. 256(8) (2010, Feb.) 2400-2404. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.074
[16] Marquez-Velasco, Jose, Maria-Elena Vlachopoulou, Angeliki Tserepi, and Evangelos Gogolides. Stable superhydrophobic surfaces induced by dual-scale topography on SU-8. Microelectronic engineering. [Online]. 87(5-8) (2010, May) 782-785. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2009.11.113
[17] Chen, Zhe, and Minhua Cao. Synthesis, characterization, and hydrophobic properties of Bi2S3 hierarchical nanostructures. Materials Research Bulletin. [Online]. 46(4) (2011, Apr.) 555-562. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2010.12.030
[18] Akram Raza, Muhammad, E. Stefan Kooij, Arend van Silfhout, and Bene Poelsema. Superhydrophobic surfaces by anomalous fluoroalkylsilane self-assembly on silica nanosphere arrays. Langmuir. [Online]. 26(15) (2010, Aug.) 12962-12972. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1021/la101867z
[19] Zhang, Jilin, Weihuan Huang, and Yanchun Han. Wettability of zinc oxide surfaces with controllable structures. Langmuir. [Online]. 22(7) (2006, Mar.) 2946-2950. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1021/la053428q
[20] Kahradeh, Kh Hemmati, E. Saievar-Iranizad, and A. Bayat. Electrophoretically deposited carbon micro and nanospheres thin films as superhydrophobic coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology. [Online]. 319 (2017, Jun.) 318-325. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.03.070
[21] Hemmati Kahradeh, Khadijeh, Esmaiel Saievar-Iranizad, and Amir Bayat. Investigation of hydrothermal process time on the size of carbon micro-and nano-spheres. Journal Optoelectronical of Nanostructures. [Online]. 2(2) (2017, May.) 51-60. Available:
Investigating the Effect of Hierarchical Carbon Micro/Nano Spheres on the Surface پc * 47
http://jopn.miau.ac.ir/article_2424_e2436e54fcd1f07581aa938ce7de3364.pdf
[22] Erbil, H. Yildirim, and C. Elif Cansoy. Range of applicability of the Wenzel and Cassie. Baxter equations for superhydrophobic surfaces. Langmuir. [Online]. 25(24) (2009, Dec.) 14135-14145. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1021/la902098a
[23] Nakae, Hideo, Ryuichi Inui, Yosuke Hirata, and Hiroyuki Saito. Effects of surface roughness on wettability. Acta materialia. [Online]. 46(7) (1998, Apr.) 2313-2318. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)80012-8
Journal of Optoelectronical Nanostructures
Volume 5, Issue 4 - Serial Number 20
November 2020
Pages 33-48

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics